Walee: The "Saint"
The term saint has been used to translate the Arabic word Walee (pl. Awliyaa) which Allaah used, to designate those who are close to Him. But, a more appropriate translation is "close friend" because Walee literally means an "ally." Allaah even uses it to refer to Himself in the verse:
"Allaah is the
Walee
of those who believe and takes them from the darkness into light."116He also uses it to refer to Satan as in the verse:
"Whoever takes Satan as a
Walee
instead of Allaah, has clearly lost all."117This term also means "close relative" as in the following verse:
"We have given power to the
Walee
of whoever is wrongly killed, but do not be excessive in the execution (of the murderer)."118It is also used in Qur'aan to indicate closeness between men, for example,
"The believers should not take the disbelievers as
Awliyaa
instead of other believers."119But the usage which concerns us most is "Awliyaa-ullaah" close friends of Allaah. In the Qur'aan Allaah has designated among mankind certain types of individuals whom He considers especially close to Himself. AIlaah's description of His Walees can be found in Soorah al-Anfaal where Allaah states:
"Verily His (Allaah's)
Awliyaa
are only those withTaqwaa
, but most people do not realize that."120And Soorah Younus:
"Behold! Certainly no fear nor grief shall overcome the
Awliyaa
of Allaah, those who believe and haveTaqwaa
."121Allaah explains for us that the criterion for "Walaayah" (divine friendship) is Eemaan (faith) and Taqwaa (piety) and these qualities are shared by all true believers.122 Among the ignorant masses, the main criterion for Walaayah ("Sainthood") is the performance of miracles which are commonly called Karaamaat to distinguish them from the miracles Mu'jizaat of the prophets. To most who hold this belief, the faith and practise of the "miracle" worker are of no consequence. Hence, some who have been designated "saints" held heretical beliefs and practises, while others were known to have abandoned the religious rituals, and, yet others were even involved in licentious and vulgar behavior. However, nowhere has Allaah made the working of miracles a stipulation for being His Walee. Therefore, as earlier stated, all believers who have Eemaan and Taqwaa are Walees of Allaah and He is their Walee, as Allaah Himself said,
"Allaah is the
Walee
of those who believe."123Consequently, Muslims are not allowed to designate certain believers as being Awliyaa of Allaah and not others. In spite of this clear Islamic position, a hierarchy of so-called Muslim saints has become a prominent feature in Sufi circles and among the masses who blindly follow them. In ascending order of merit they are: the Akhyaar (chosen) who number 300; the Abdaal (substitutes) numbering 40; the 7 Abraar (pious); the 4 Awtaad (pegs); the 3 Nuqabaa (watchmen), the Qutb (pole) who is considered the greatest saint of his time, and at the top of the list is the Ghawth (Succor), the greatest of Saints, who is believed, in some circles, to be capable of taking on his shoulders a portion of the sins of the believers. According to the belief of "mystics", the saints of the top three classes are present invisibly in Makkah at the hours of prayer. When the Ghawth dies, the Qutb replaces him and there is a moving up all through the series, the purest soul of each class rising to the next degree.124 This body of mythology has been borrowed from Christianity, just as Dhikr beads were adopted from the Christian rosary, and Mawlid from the Christian celebration of Christmas.